Comparatively, the Lord has blessed people in Sydney mightily when it comes to the consequences of COVID-19. In saying this I hasten to add that a substantial number of people have suffered economically, including some of our parents in the tourism and hospitality industries. Please keep praying for these families.
Our Head of Junior School Learning Support, Mrs Jennifer Grose, has been doing a wonderful job at our school teaching our students to read. To help our school community understand Shire Christian’s approach to teaching this essential skill, I recently interviewed Jennifer.
BH Jennifer, I understand that there are 2 major schools of thought on teaching reading - the whole language approach and the phonics approach. Can you explain each of these strategies and how they differ?
JG Phonics reading instruction is a method of teaching children the sounds letters and letter combinations make. Whole language instruction teaches children to recognise a word as a whole and remember it based on meaning.
BH Which is better – whole language or phonics? Why?
JG Phonics is essential for teaching the building blocks of reading and writing. As children learn to recognise sounds and letter combinations, their brain blends them together so quickly that they automatically read the word as a whole and bring meaning to it based on the context of the sentence. Phonics provides students with problem solving strategies throughout all of their schooling and skills to apply when decoding scientific words in Secondary School.
BH I imagine that there are different versions or styles of phonics. Can you give us an idea how our school approaches phonics?
JG Phonics is not merely 26 sounds of the alphabet. Synthetic Phonics is systematic, explicit instruction of many letter combinations that make sounds. Our program teaches sounds by how they are formed in the mouth. Students look into little mirrors to see what their tongue, teeth and lips are doing together to make sounds. Some sounds are quiet and others make their voice vibrate.
Practise saying /t/ and /d/. Feel which one makes your throat vibrate. If you get a bit stuck, someone in Kindergarten will tell you with great excitement which one is the noisy brother of the pair of sounds. By Year 1 and 2 students are learning two and three letter sounds. They also know that some letters make more than one sound. Did you realise /a/ makes 5 sounds? One of them is pretending to be a /o/ when it is with a /w/ sound. (was, what)
BH Could you give one or 2 examples of phonics learning activities?
JG Before launching into teaching children sounds; a for ant, b for bat and c for cat, we need to spend time developing phonemic awareness. This is being able to hear the units of sound in speech and learning that a word is made up of different sounds. An activity used daily in Kindergarten is called chaining. We start with a simple word. Eg: dog. Children present this with three different coloured squares. We ask the children to change dog to fog. They look in little mirrors to see what their mouth is doing as they say words. They change the first coloured square identifying that the first sound was changed. What happens when I change fog to frog? This activity teaches the children to listen, speak clearly, break words down, build words up and problem solve. Lots of time is spent developing these auditory and oral skills before letters are connected to sounds.
Our WRASSE spelling program teaches children that letters can make several sounds and there are spelling rules to guide us. Can I play in the rain? /ai/ says a long /a/ sound that is never used at the end of a word. To make a long /a/ sound at the end of a word or syllable /ay/ is used. In Year 1 and 2 Spelling lessons focus for a week on a particular sound and how it is used in words.
BH Your particular area of expertise is providing specialist support to students with reading difficulties. What would be a common struggle your students experience learning to read? How would you respond to that need?
JG In the early years, students who have weakness in phonemic awareness typically struggle to learn to read. Small group practise of phonemic awareness activities is helpful to break the process down and give targeted, explicit instruction for specific students.
Some students need to put so much effort into decoding words, that by the end of the paragraph students do not understand what they just read. Re-reading is very important. We need to read smoothly enough for it to sound like talking.
For students who have comprehension difficulties, we teach specific strategies to make meaning as they read. One strategy is to teach them to ‘make a movie’ in their imagination of what they read. Then they can recall pictures rather than relying on remembering words from the text.
BH Thanks so much for sharing how we teach our students to read and for all the great work you do to help our students become better readers.
Mr Brett Hartley
Principal